Past Perfect

Tips for Past Perfect Past Perfect Verb Conjugation The Past Perfect is formed this way: Subject + had + past participle. The conjugation is fairly simple. Only the subject changes. Here are some examples of past perfect tense verbs with I, you, he/she/it, they and we. 1. I had talked. I had walked. I had danced. I had eaten. 2. You had talked. You had walked. You had danced. You had eaten. 3. She/He/It had talked. She/He/It had walked. She/He/It had danced. She/He/It had eaten. 4. They had talked. They had walked. They had danced. They had eaten. 5. We had talked. We had walked. We had danced. We had eaten. ESL cloze exercises can be used for Past Perfect lesson plans for verb conjugation. Past Perfect Verb Form (five forms the ESL student must learn) 1. Affirmative Usage (e.g., She had studied simple tenses before she studied the Past Perfect.) 2. Negative Usage (e.g., She had left by the time I arrived at the party.) 3. Yes/No Questions (e.g., Had she played tennis before?) 4. Short Answers (e.g., Yes, she had. No, she hadn't.) 5. WH- Questions (e.g., When had she studied the Past Perfect Continuous?) Past Perfect Function The Past Perfect is used to talk about an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past. There will always be two past events or activities, or an event/activity and a particular time in the past. They don't both need to be included in the same sentence. Sometimes the other event/activity or time will be understood from the context of the conversation. Here are some examples: I had already gone to bed by the time you got home. She had studied English for six months before she left for the U.S. He had finished dessert before I even started my entrée. Her older brother had finished college before she started high school. You'll notice that the Simple Past is used in the second part of the sentences. These sentences could also be written without using the Past Perfect, like this: I went to bed before you got home. She studied English for six months before she left for the U.S. He finished dessert before I even started my entrée. Her older brother finished college before she started high school. Whenever "before" or "after" are used, the Past Perfect isn't necessary because the sequence of events is already clear. Some Past Perfect lesson plans ask the ESL student to take two past tense events and ask them to correctly write a sentence using the Past Perfect. ESL Student Challenges Past Perfect lesson plans focusing on verb conjugation can include cloze (fill-in-the-blanks) exercises. The challenge here will be using the correct past participle for irregular verbs. So if your focus is teaching ESL/EFL students the proper conjugation, it may be best to use regular verbs first. Overall, ESL students have trouble using this tense easily and effectively because they don't get enough practice using it and because they can get by without ever using it! With my private ESL students, I try to point out when they can use the Past Perfect to help reinforce the tense. Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind. Examples: • I saw a movie yesterday. • I didn't see a play yesterday. • Last year, I traveled to Japan. • Last year, I didn't travel to Korea. • Did you have dinner last night? • She washed her car. • He didn't wash his car. USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on. Examples: • I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. • He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00. • Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs? USE 3 Duration in Past The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc. Examples: • I lived in Brazil for two years. • Shauna studied Japanese for five years. • They sat at the beach all day. • They did not stay at the party the entire time. • We talked on the phone for thirty minutes. • A: How long did you wait for them? B: We waited for one hour. USE 4 Habits in the Past The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc. Examples: • I studied French when I was a child. • He played the violin. • He didn't play the piano. • Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid? • She worked at the movie theater after school. • They never went to school, they always skipped class. USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to." Examples: • She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing. • He didn't like tomatoes before. • Did you live in Texas when you were a kid? • People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past. IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses. Examples: • When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question. • She answered my question when I paid her one dollar. When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar. Example: • I paid her one dollar when she answered my question. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: • You just called Debbie. • Did you just call Debbie? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: • Tom repaired the car. ACTIVE • The car was repaired by Tom. PASSIVE More About Active / Passive Forms Simple Present FORM [VERB] + s/es in third person Examples: • You speak English. • Do you speak English? • You do not speak English. Complete List of Simple Present Forms USE 1 Repeated Actions Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do. Examples: • I play tennis. • She does not play tennis. • Does he play tennis? • The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. • The train does not leave at 9 AM. • When does the train usually leave? • She always forgets her purse. • He never forgets his wallet. • Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun. • Does the Sun circle the Earth? USE 2 Facts or Generalizations The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things. Examples: • Cats like milk. • Birds do not like milk. • Do pigs like milk? • California is in America. • California is not in the United Kingdom. • Windows are made of glass. • Windows are not made of wood. • New York is a small city. IT IS NOT IMPORTANT THAT THIS FACT IS UNTRUE. USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well. Examples: • The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. • The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. • When do we board the plane? • The party starts at 8 o'clock. • When does class begin tomorrow? USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs) Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs. Examples: • I am here now. • She is not here now. • He needs help right now. • He does not need help now. • He has his passport in his hand. • Do you have your passport with you? ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: • You only speak English. • Do you only speak English? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: • Once a week, Tom cleans the car. ACTIVE • Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. PASSIVE

Prediksi SKL 2011 SMK

PREDIKSI STANDAR KOMPETENSI LULUSAN (SKL) Jenjang Pendidikan : SMK Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris Tahun Pelajaran : 2011 STANDAR KOMPETENSI LULUSAN (SKL) RUANG LINGKUP MATERI BENTUK TES 1. LISTENING (Mendengarkan) Siswa mampu memahami makna dalam wacana lisan interpersonal dan transaksional berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari, pekerjaan dan keprofesian. • Menemukan pesan utama dan informasi rinci dalam teks lisan • Menemukan pernyataan lisan yang tepat sesuai gambar • Menemukan respon yang tepat dari pernyataan/pertanyaan berikut: - salam - perkenalan diri/orang lain - deskripsi benda, orang, situasi, proses - perbandingan dua atau lebih benda/orang/situasi - penanganan tamu/pelanggan secara langsung atau melalui telepon - imperative: perintah, permintaan, larangan, arahan - penawaran - persetujuan - pemesanan - saran - pendapat - nasehat - kemampuan - izin - kemungkinan - keharusan - kegiatan sehari-hari/sedang berlangsung/sudah lewat/yang akan datang/yang masih berlangsung sampai sekarang/berulang diwaktu lampau - cara berterimakasih - undangan - ucapan selamat Tertulis 2. SPEAKING (Berbicara) Siswa mampu mengungkapkan makna secara lisan dalam wacana interpersonal dan transaksional, secara formal maupun informal, dalam bentuk menyampaikan permintaan dan perintah yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari, pekerjaan dan keprofesian. • Mengungkapkan buah pikiran secara lisan dalam bentuk: - Monolog: pidato, menceritakan kembali, menjawab pertanyaan bacaan, bercerita. - Dialog: menyangkut: *) Praktik 3. READING (Membaca) Siswa mampu memahami makna dalam wacana tulis interpersonal dan transaksional, secara formal maupun informal, dalam bentuk menyimak permintaan dan perintah yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari, pekerjaan dan keprofesian. • Menemukan pesan utama, informasi rinci tersurat/tersirat, rujukan kata, sinonim, antonim, makna kata dari teks tertulis • Menemukan kata/frasa dalam sebuah teks tertulis/percakapan pendek yang tidak sesuai dengan tatabahasa atau konteks • Menentukan respon yang tepat dari pertanyaan/pernyataan menyangkut: *) Tertulis 4. WRITING (Menulis) Siswa mampu mengungkapkan makna secara tertulis dalam wacana interpersonal dan transaksional, secara formal maupun informal, dalam bentuk menyampaikan secara tertulis permintaan dan perintah yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari, pekerjaan dan keprofesian. • Mengungkapkan buah pikiran secara tertulis dalam bentuk agenda memo, pidato, laporan singkat, surat bisnis/pribadi, iklan pendek • Menyusun kembali kalimat-kalimat acak menjadi teks percakapan atau paragraf yang benar • Membuat dialog berdasarkan situasi • Meringkas bacaan • Menjawab pertanyaan bacaan Praktik *) Pernyataan/pertanyaan menyangkut sama dengan SKL 1 SKL 1 dan 3 diujikan secara nasional

English Exercise

READING SECTION
In this part of the test you will have the chance to show how well you understand written English. There are three parts to this section, with special directions for each part.

PART V
Directions: Questions 16 – 30 are incomplete dialogues. Marked (A), (B), (C), or (D), are given beneath each question. You are to choose the one clause/sentence that best completes the dialogue. On your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark your answer



16. Bona : Why don’t you see the doctor to determine the cause of your illness?
Sari : ______
A. OK, I’ll take your turn.
B. You’re right. That’s what I’ll do.
C. The doctor is your family.
D. Sure, I’ll see you tomorrow.

17. Customer : Hello. I’m interested in booking a room for the August long weekend.
Receptionist: _______
A. I’m not afraid we’re totally booked for that weekend.
B. I’m afraid we’re totally busy for that weekend.
C. I’m not afraid we’re totally booking for that weekend.
D. I’m afraid we’re totally reserved for that weekend.

18. Fina : Have you ______ your work?
Giya : No, not yet. Just wait a moment, please!
A. Finish
B. Finishes
C. Finished
D. Finishing
19. April : ________
May : I’d love to, so what do you have ?
April : Well, just a small party for my sister.

A. Would you like to see my picture?
B. Would you like to come to my place tonight?
C. Could you help my sister, please!
D. Should I come to your house?

20. Rudi : Mommy, __________
Mommy : Of course, but remember; brush your teeth after you eat that!
Rudi : I will.
A. Could I have some more chocolate?
B. Would you mind giving me some money?
C. Could I bring some candies to school?
D. Should I clean myself?

21. Woman : …………. with the exhibition.
Man : So was I. The paintings were not great works.
A. I was interested
B. I was amazed
C. I was disappointed
D. I was appreciated

22. Kayla : I’m ready for a break. Do you want to get some coffee in the lounge?
Lyla : No. I’m tired of sitting indoor.
Kayla : ……. There’s a nice sidewalk café near here.

A. Let’s go out then.
B. Why don’t we order it from hotel?
C. Let’s just finish doing our task.
D. Would you like to go to the café?

23. Seva : Are you doing anything tomorrow?
Rafa : well, I’m playing tennis in the morning. Why?
Seva : …………… to see the film at XXI with me?
Rafa : I wish I could, but I have to see my advisor in the afternoon.
Seva : okay. We’ll make another arrangement for next time.

A. Do you like
B. Have you liked
C. Are you like
D. Would you like
24. Aldi : How are you going to spend your annual leave?
Deny : If I have enough money, ….

A. I would travel around the world.
B. I will take a vacation to Bali.
C. I would have visited my hometown.
D. I could celebrate my wedding anniversary.

25. Man : We’d better fly in the afternoon so we can have more leisure time in the morning.
Banjarmasin – Surabaya flights are abundant.
Woman : ……we should arrive in Surabaya early in the morning to prepare our first presentation there.

A. I’m afraid I have my own idea.
B. I’m on your side.
C. I couldn’t agree more.
D. I totally support the reason.

26. Guest : …. I’ve spilt the tea over the table
Hostess : It doesn’t matter. It can be cleaned easily.
Guest : How clumsy I am! Let me wash the table cloth.
a. Thank you
b. Excuse me
c. I forgive you
d. I do apologize

27. Receptionist : Sorry, sir. We are fully booked now
Guess : It’s ok. But I don’t know where I can stay a night tonight
Receptionist : ....?
Guest : Thank you. That’s very kind of you

a. Can you book a room in another hotel for me, please
b. Would you like to reserve a room in another hotel
c. Could I ask you to reserve a room in another hotel
d. Would you like me to book a room in another hotel

28. Ani : Mom, may I join my friends in camping next holiday?
Mother : … It’s rainy season now.
a. I don’t think you may
b. I don’t have an objection.
c. It will be very nice
d. Of course, you may.

29. Ina : What about the food at the restaurant?
Ira : I like the food very much, but I think …. at the waiters. They were impolite to the guest.
a. I ‘m satisfied
b. I’m very sorry
c. I am extremely displeased
d. I am really delighted

30. Rini : Sari, for our assignment you have a task.
Sari : Okay, what is it?
Rini : You … some of our teachers.
Sari : No problem.
a. are interviewed
b. have been interviewed
c. are interviewing
d. must interview

PART VI. ERROR RECOGNITION

Direction: There are ten items in this part. Each item consists of a sentence with four underlined words or phrases. You must choose the one underlined word or phrase-(A), (B), (C), or (D)-that must be rewritten in order to form a correct sentence. To mark your answer, find the number of the question on the answer sheet and click on the letter of your choice.

31. Cardinal Industries manufactures this line of men’s clothing in Bandung using materials which are
A B C
entirely almost made in other cities.
D

32. Spreadsheet programs are used to compile data and performing numerical comparisons.
A B C D

33. The security detail is in duty from nine at night until six in the morning.
A B C D

34. All employees are given at least two weeks of vocation every year.
A B C D

35. Most countries prohibit the sell of certain strategic industries to foreign companies.
A B C D

PART VII.

Directions: This part of the test consists of a number of brief readings. Following each reading are saveral questions with four possible answers for each question.
You must decide which of the four choices-(A), (B), (C), or (D)-best answers the question based on the information it the reading. To mark your answer, find the number of the question on the answer sheet and click on the letter of your choice.

Questions 36-40 are based on a selection of the reading materials. You have to choose the best answer a, b, c and d to each question.

Question number 36 and 37 are based on the on the following letter.

Dear Readers
Thanks you for your mail commenting on the photograph of the Zambezi River Bridges in Zambi. It is very special because it tells a story of hope and belief as you can read on Page 85.I agree with Mr.Brezic: a bridge may even link humanity, compassion, and balance between the needs of the people and the needs of a wild place. About your request, we have uploaded the picture on the net, so you can now decorate your desktop with it in Fun Stuff at ngm.com/Africa

Shelby Sampson
Editor
36. Why did the editor write the letter?
a. To comment on a photograph and decorate the desktop with it.
b. To reply to the reader’s mail and tell them about their request.
c. To agree with Mr. Brezic and fulfill the needs of the people.
d. To tell the story of a brigade and upload the picture on the net

37. What would most of the readers probably do after reading the letter?
a. Download the picture of the Zambizi River Bridge.
b. Decorate their home with the requested picture.
c. Thank the editor for putting the picture on the net.
d. Reply to Shelby Sampson’s letter as soon possible.

Questions 38 and 40 are based on the following text.

RAISING HORIZONS

The Organization of Black Air Line Pilots, Inc. (OBAP) promotes educational opportunities in aviation, mentors our youth, monitors the development of aviation projects, and processes the general interests of its members. Our “Project Aviation’’ program is designed to serve the aviation industry by growing successful aviation candidates who will enter the job market.
We provide entry-level exposure to aviation for young people age 13 to 18 through the “Aviation Career Education’’ (ACE) Camps during the summer months. Here students get classroom instruction, field trips, hands-on activities, and may also receive an orientation flight. Some students continue to advance ACE Camps with more flying involved.

For more information, please visit our website at www.obap.org

U N I T E D
Proud Sponsor of OBAP

38. What is the topic of paragraph 2?
a. Students’ orientation flight.
b. ACE Camps summer programs.
c. Advanced ACE Camps for students above 18.
d. Invitation for young people to join ACE Camps.

39. “Here students get classroom instruction, field trips, hands-on activities ” (paragraph 2).
What does the word “hands-on’’ mean?
a. Critical.
b. Practical.
c. Skeptical.
d. Theoretical.

40. How long does the “Aviation Career Education” (ACE) Camp possibly take place?
a. One month.
b. Two months.
c. Three months.
d. Four months.


Questions for 41 – 43

UNEMPLOYEMENT IN EAST JAVA:
(January – March)
Jan Feb Mar
Men 358 364 356
Women 110 124 143
Total 468 488 499
Increase: +20 +11

41. What can we assume from the table?
a. The total number of men and women in East Java
b. The number of jobless people in East Java
c. The decreasing population in East Java.
d. The highest unemployment rate is in February.

42. How many women do not have jobs in February?
a. 364
b. 143
c. 124.
d. 110

43. What is the similar meaning of unemployment?
a. envoy
b. builder
c. jobless
d. hopeless.

Questions 44 - 45 refer to the following table.

CAREERS IN
Hotel & Restaurant Management
Learn
Profesional Hospitality
At our training institute !

- 6 – 12 month certificate
- Classes days, nights, or weekends
- Job placement assistance upon completion

Classes begun April 1st. Call the school for the further information

44. When will the school help you get a job?
a. When you enroll
b. When you have finished the course
c. For a year after graduation
d. While you are studying.

45. What should you do if you want to know more?
a. Call the school
b. Meet some graduates
c. Talks to employers
d. Visit classes
The dialogue is for questions 46 – 47

Customer : Excuse me. Could you show me how this vacuum cleaner works?
Shopkeeper : Yes, of course
Customer : What are those things for?
Shopkeeper : Oh, that’s for picking up heavy dirt
Customer : Why is it bent?
Shopkeeper : That’s so you can clean under furniture more easily. Let me show you
Customer : Oh I see. And does it have a dust bag?
Shopkeeper : Yes, of course
Customer : How do you change it?
Shopkeeper : It’s very easy. First, you make sure the power is turned off. Next, this clip is pressed down. The back is lifted off, and then the dust bag is taken out like this.
Customer : Oh that is easy. OK fine. I think I’ll take this one. Can it be delivered?
Shopkeeper : Sure. We can deliver right away to your home
Customer : Fine

46. How many steps of instruction does the customer explain?
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five

47. What does the customer ask to the shopkeeper?
A. How to operate the vacuum cleaner
B. How to change the vacuum cleaner
C. How to set vacuum cleaner
D. How to do vacuum cleaner

The following advertisement for questions 48 – 50

A Special Invitation
Business Monthly
Invite you to sit back and save … enjoying free office delivery
of each issue at 50% off the $30.00 cover price!
12 issues ( 1 year ) just $ 15.00

Name
Address
City State Zip

• Payment enclosed
• Bill me later
Your first issue will be mailed within 6 weeks

48. This is an advertisement for….
A. A monthly magazine
B. A daily newspaper
C. A calendar
D. Office supplies
49. How much is changed for delivery?
A. Standard postal rates
B. Nothing
C. Fifty percent
D. Only fifteen dollars
50. When will the first issue arrive?
A. Next week
B. This month
C. Within six weeks
D. Next year