Irregular Noun Plurals

Irregular Noun Plurals
When the final -y is preceded by a consonant, change the -y to -i and add -es:
baby-->babies lady-->ladies
If a noun ends in -fe or -f, the ending is changed to -ves (except: beliefs, chiefs, roofs, staffs).
life-->lives thief-->thieves
Add -es to nouns ending in -sh, -ch, -s, -z, and -x. (Exceptions: monarchs, stomachs.)
wish-->wishes class-->classes
Both the -s and -es spellings are accepted for nouns ending in -o.
tomato-->tomatoes hero-->heroes
The plural possessive form of these nouns is also irregular.
child-->children foot-->feet goose-->geese man-->men tooth-->teeth
The plural is the same as the singular for these nouns.
deer-->deer fish-->fish sheep-->sheep species-->species
The final sound of these plurals is pronounced like the word sees. crisis-->crises thesis-->theses

Count and Non Count Noun

Count and Non count Nouns
Count nouns are nouns that can be counted (e.g., a book, two friends, three cars, etc.). A count noun may be preceded by a or an in the singular; it takes a final -s or -es in the plural.
Noncount (or mass) nouns refer to things that cannot be counted (e.g., money, rain, snow, butter, wind, air, clothing, etc.). Noncount nouns are not preceded by a or an and have no plural form.
COMMON NONCOUNT NOUNS
advice
weather
equipment
news
water
jewelry
information
music
postage
work
money
luggage
Some nouns can be both count and noncount nouns:
--We drank some wine. (Noncount)
--We ordered three wines. (Count)
(It is implicit that three different wines were ordered.)

To understand Future with going to and will

Exercise 1: Dialog - The Party
Martha: What horrible weather today. I'd love to go out, but I think it will just continue raining.
Jane: Oh, I don't know. Perhaps the sun will come out later this afternoon.
Martha: I hope you're right. Listen, I'm going to have a party this Saturday. Would you like to come?
Jane: Oh, I'd love to come. Thank you for inviting me. Who's going to come to the party?
Martha: Well, a number of people haven't told me yet. But, Peter and Mark are going to help out with the cooking!
Jane: Hey, I'll help, too!
Martha: Would you? That would be great!
Jane: I'll make lasagna!
Martha: That sounds delicious! I know my Italian cousins are going to be there. I'm sure they'll love it.
Jane: Italians? Maybe I'll bake a cake...
Martha: No, no. They're not like that. They'll love it.
Jane: Well, if you say so... Is there going be a theme for the party?
Martha: No, I don't think so. Just a chance to get together and have fun.
Jane: I'm sure it'll be lots of fun.
Martha: But I'm going to hire a clown!
Jane: A clown! You're kidding me.
Martha: No, no. As I child, I always wanted a clown. Now, I'm going to have a clown at my own party.
Jane: I'm sure everyone will have a good laugh.
Martha: That's the plan!

Follow-up Questions
· What do they think about the weather?
· What does Martha have to share?
· What are Peter and Mark going to do?
· What does Jane offer to do?
· How does Jane react to the news about the Italian cousins?
· What special plan is there?
· Why does Martha want a clown?
· Does Martha know exactly how many people are going to come? If yes, how many. If not, why not?
· How does Jane think people will react to the clown?
· Is there a theme for the party?